3. Energy and Chemical Processes

Power of a chemical conversion

In a voluntary chemical process, energy is released; an involuntary chemical conversion must be driven: energy is used (see Fig. 1).

Transport process. If a current of amount of substance of a species I_n flows from a point at mu_1 to another at mu_2, the power of the process is (Fig.1 top):

Reaction (see Fig. 1, bottom). The rate at which energy is turned over (power) depends upon the driving force of the transformation and the rate at which the first of the species in

is transformed (Pi_nA1):

Energy transfer

If a substance having chemical potential mu flows with a current I_n, it is accompanied by an energy current I_W according to

(see Fig.2).